Gender and equity
Cooper J, Khanna R, Smyth I, Theobald S. Introduction: Gender, development, and health; Gender & Development, 2021, 29 (1), 1-10 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13552074.2021.1885221
Liani ML, Nyamongo IK, Pulford J, Tolhurst R. Institutional level drivers of gender inequitable scientific career progression in Sub-Saharan Africa. Health Research Policy and Systems, 2021, 19:117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00767-1
Liani ML, Nyamongo IK, Pulford J & Tolhurst R. An intersectional gender analysis of familial and socio-cultural drivers of inequitable scientific career progression of researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global Health Research and Policy, 2021, 6:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-021-00213-3
Chopra M, Bhutta Z, Chang Blanc D, Checchi F, Gupta A, Lemango ET, Levine OS, Lyimo D, Nandy R, O'Brien KL, OkwoBele J-M, Rees H, Soepard J, Tolhurst R & Victora. Addressing the persistent inequities in immunization coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, BLT.19.241620, 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330847
Fang J, Tang SL, Tan XP & Tolhurst R. Achieving SDG related Sexual and Reproductive Health targets in China: what are appropriate indicators and how we interpret them? Reproductive Health, 2020, 17:84 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00924-9
Hay K, McDougal L, Percival V, Henry S, Klugman J, Wurie H, Raven J, Shabalala F, Fielding-Miller R, Dey A, Dehingia N, Morgan R, Atmavilas Y, Saggurti N, Yore J, Blokhina E, Huque R, Barasa E, Bhan N, Kharel C, Silverman J, Raj A. Disrupting Gender Norms in Health Systems: Making the Case for Change. The Lancet. pii: S0140-6736(19)30648-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31155270/ (19)30648-8.
Iyer V, Mavalankar D, Tolhurst R & De Costa A. Perceptions of quality of care during birth at private Chiranjeevi facilities in Gujarat: lessons for Universal Health Coverage, Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2020, 28:2, 1850199, DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1850199 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26410397.2020.1850199
Kumar MB, Madan J, Auguste P, Taegtmeyer M, Otiso L, Ochieng C, Muturi N, Mgamb E, Barasa E. Cost-effectiveness of community health systems strengthening: quality improvement interventions at community level to realise maternal and child health gains. Kenya BMJ Global Health 2021 Mar;6(3):e002452
Theobald, S, Morgan, R, Hawkins, K, Ssali, S, George, A, Molyneux, C. The importance of gender analysis in research for health systems strengthening. Health Policy and Planning, 2018, Volume 32, Issue suppl_5, 1 December 2017, Pages v1–v3 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx163
Health workforce
Baba A, Martineau T, Theobald S, Sabuni P, Raven J. 2020. Using data to support evidence-informed decisions about skilled birth attendants in fragile contexts: a situational analysis from Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hum Resour Health, 2020 Oct 29;18(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12960-020-00511-w. PMID: 33121500; PMCID: PMC7597022.
Dean L, Cooper J, Wurie H, Kollie J, Raven J, Tolhurst R, Macgregor H, Hawkins K, Theobald S, Mansaray B. Psychological resilience, fragility and the health workforce: lessons on pandemic preparedness from Liberia and Sierra Leone. BMJ Global Health, 2020;5:e002873. doi:10.1136/ bmjgh-2020-002873.
Martineau T, Ozano K, Raven J, Mansour W, Bay F, Nkhoma D, Badr E, Baral S, Regmi S, Caffrey M. Improving health workforce governance: the role of multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms and human resources for health units in ministries of health. Hum Resour Health, 2022. 20(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12960-022-00742-z. PMID: 35619105; PMCID: PMC9134719.
Njeru RJ, Uddin MF, Zakayo SM, Sanga G, Charo A, Islam MA, Md. Alamgir, Kimani M, Mwadhi MK, Ogutu M C, Mohammod J, Ahmed T, Walson J L, Berkley J A, Jones C, Theobald S, Muraya K, Sarma H Molyneux S. Strengthening the role of community health workers in supporting the recovery of ill, undernourished children post hospital discharge: qualitative insights from key stakeholders in Bangladesh and Kenya. BMC Health Services Research, 2021. Vol 21, Issue 1, e1234. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-0...
Baba A, Martineau T, Theobald S, Sabuni P, Nobabo MM, Alitimango A, Katabuka JK, Raven J. 2020. Developing strategies to attract, retain and support midwives in rural fragile settings: participatory workshops with health system stakeholders in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Health Res Policy Syst. 2020 Nov 4;18(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s12961-020-00631-8.
Raven J, Baral S, Wurie H, Witter S, Samai M, Paudel P, Subedi HN, Martineau T, Elsey H, Theobald S. What adaptation to research is needed following crises: a comparative, qualitative study of the health workforce in Sierra Leone and Nepal. Health Research Policy and Systems, 2018, 16:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0285-1
Raven J, Wurie H, Witter S. Health workers’ experiences of coping with the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone’s health system: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 2018,18:251. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3072-3
Vallières F, Kok M, Mahmud I, Sarker M, Jeacocke P, Karuga R, Limato L, Kea AZ, Chikaphupha K, Sidat MM, Gilmore B, Taegtmeyer M. Measuring Motivation among Close-to-Community Health Workers: Developing the CTC Provider Motivational Indicator Scale across six countries. Human Resources for Health, 2020 Aug 1;18(1):54.
Management
Bulthuis SE, Kok MC, Amon S, Agyemang SA, Nsabagasani X, Sanudi L, Raven J, Finn M, Gerold J, Tulloch O, Dieleman MA. How district health decision-making is shaped within decentralised contexts: A qualitative research in Malawi, Uganda and Ghana. Glob Public Health, 2021, Jan;16(1):120-135. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1791213. Epub 2020 Jul 13. PMID: 32657238.
Mansour W, Aryaija-Karemani A, Martineau T, Namakula J, Mubiri P, Ssengooga F, Raven J. Management of Human Resources for Health in Health Districts in Uganda: A Decision Space Analysis. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 2021, 10.1002/hpm.3359. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hpm.3359
Alonso-Garbayo A, Raven J, Theobald S, Ssengooba F, Nattimba M, Martineau T. Decision space for health workforce management in decentralised settings: action research in Uganda. Health Policy and Planning, 2017, 32 (suppl_3):iii59–iii66. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx116
Bulthuis SE, Kok MC, Amon S, Agyemang SA, Nsabagasani X, Sanudi L, Raven J, Finn M, Gerold J, Tulloch O, Dieleman MA. How district health decision-making is shaped within decentralized contexts: A qualitative research in Malawi, Uganda, and Ghana. Health Policy and Planning. 2020. Global Public Health. DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1791213
Kumar MB, Barasa E, Madan J, Ndima S, Chikaphupha K, Zerihun AK, Taegtmeyer M. How do decision makers use evidence in community health policy and financing decisions? A qualitative study and conceptual framework from four African countries. Health Policy Plan. 2020 Jun 9:czaa027. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czaa027
Martineau T, Raven J, Aikins M, Alonso-Garbayo, A, Baine S, Huss R, Maluka, S, Wyss K. Strengthening health district management competencies in Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda: lessons from using action research to improve health workforce performance.BMJ Glob Health, 2018;3:e000619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000619
Health systems in fragile settings
Witter S, Palmer N, Balabanova D, Mounier-Jack S, Martineau T, Klicpera A, Kruja K, Jensen C, Pugliese Garcia M, Gilson L. 2021. Evidence review of what works for health systems strengthening, where and when? Prepared by the ReBUILD and ReSYST research consortia for FCDO.
Baba A, Martineau T, Theobald S, Sabuni P, Nobabo MM, Alitimango A, Katabuka JK, Raven J. Developing strategies to attract, retain and support midwives in rural fragile settings: participatory workshops with health system stakeholders in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Health Res Policy Syst, 2020 Nov 4;18(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s12961-020-00631-8.
Mansour W, Arjyal A, Hughes C,… Theobald S, Raven J. Health systems resilience in fragile and shock-prone settings through the prism of gender equity and justice: implications for research, policy and practice. Confl Health, 2022. 16, 7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00439-z
Raven J, Wurie H, Baba A… Theobald S. Supporting community health workers in fragile settings from a gender perspective: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 2022. 12:e052577. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052577
Raven J, Wurie H, Idriss A, Jawo Bah A, Baba A, Nallo G, Kollie KK, Dean L, Steege R, Martineau T, Theobald S. How should community health workers in fragile contexts be supported: Qualitative evidence from Sierra Leone, Liberia and Democratic Republic of Congo. Human Resources for Health, 2020. 2020 18:58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00494-8
Dean L, Cooper J, Wurie H, Kollie K, Raven J, Tolhurst R, MacGregor H, Hawkins K, Theobald S and Mansaray B. Psychological resilience, fragility and the health workforce: lessons on pandemic preparedness from Liberia and Sierra Leone. BMJ Global Health 5(9): e002873, 2020. https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/5/9/e002873.full.pdf
Martineau T, McPake B, Theobald S, Raven J, Ensor T, Fustukian S, Ssengooba F, Chirwa Y, Vong S, Wurie H, Hooton N, Witter S. Leaving no one behind: lessons on rebuilding health systems in conflict- and crisis-affected states. BMJ Global Health, 2017, vol 2, issue 2, e000327. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000327
Odhiambo J, Jeffery C, Lako R, Devkota B, Valadez JJ. Measuring health system resilience in a highly fragile nation during protracted conflict: South Sudan 2011-15. Health Policy Plan. 2020;35(3):313-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31876921/
Witter S, Wurie H, Chandiwana P, Namakula J, So S, Alonso-Garbayo A, Ssengooba F, Raven J. How do health workers experience and cope with shocks? Learning from four fragile and conflict-affected states on resilience in the health workforce. Health Policy and Planning, 2017,32(suppl_3):iii3-iii13. http://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx112
Valadez JJ, Berendes S, Odhiambo J, Vargas W, Devkota B, Lako R, et al. Is development aid to strengthen health systems during protracted conflict a useful investment? The case of South Sudan, 2011-2015. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(4):e002093. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32377402/
NTDs and other diseases
Dean L, Theobald S, Nallo G, Bettee A, Kollie K, Tolhurst R. 2022. A syndemic born of war: Combining intersectionality and structural violence to explore the biosocial interactions of neglected tropical diseases, disability and mental distress in Liberia, PLOS Global Public Health
Adekeye O, Ozano K, Dixon R, Elhassan EO, Lar L, Schmidt E, Isiyaku S, Okoko O, Thomson R, Theobald S, Dean L. Mass administration of medicines in changing contexts: Acceptability, adaptability and community directed approaches in Kaduna and Ogun States, Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2020. Vol 14, Issue 11, e0008857. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237933/
Egere U, Shayo E, Ntinginya NE, Osman R, Noory B, Mpagama S, Hussein H, Tolhurst R, Obasi A, Mortimer K, El Sony A, Taegtmeyer M, The IMPALA Consortium. Management of chronic lung diseases in Sudan and Tanzania: How ready are the country health systems? BMC Health Services Research, 2021 21:734 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06759-9
Engles D, Hotez PJ, Ducker C, Gyapong M, Bustinduy A, Secor WE, Harrison W, Theobald S, Thomson R, Gamba V, Masong MK, Lammie P, Govender K, Mbabazi PS, Malecela MN. Integration of prevention and control measures for female genital schistosomiasis, HIV and cervical cancer, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2020;98:615-624. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.252270
Lora WS, Desmond N, Obasi A, Kumwenda M, Taegtmeyer M, Tolhurst R, MacPherson E. “I wanted evidence that my status had changed, so that is why I tested”: experiences with HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Malawi, AIDS Care, 2020. 32:sup2, 206-213, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1739212
Kollie K, Siakeh A, Zawolo G, Wickenden A, Theobald S, Rogers E, Zaizay Z, Thomson R, Dean L. 'Donor reliance and the impact on neglected tropical disease programme delivery: reflections and solutions for change from programme management perspectives'. International Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa090
Masong M, Ozano K, Tagne M, Tchoffo M, Ngang S, Thomson R, Theobald S, Tchuem Tchuenté L, Kouokam E. Achieving Equity in UHC Interventions: Who is left behind by Neglected Tropical Disease Programmes in Cameroon? Global Health Action Glob Health Action, 2021 14(1):1886457. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1886457.
Nji TM, Piotrowski H, Dum-Buo N, Fung EG, Dean L, Theobald S, Thomson R, Wanji S, Ozano K. 'Eliminating onchocerciasis within the Meme River Basin of Cameroon: A social-ecological approach to understanding everyday realities and health systems'. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2021, Vol 15, Issue 6, e0009433.
Alhassan Y, Twimukye A, Malaba T, Orrell C, Myer L, Waitt C, Lamorde M, Kambugu A, Reynolds H, Khoo S, Taegtmeyer M. Community acceptability of dolutegravir-based HIV treatment in women: a qualitative study in South Africa and Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 7;20(1):1883. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33287795/
Baker C, Limato R, Tumbelaka P, Rewari BB, Nasir S, Ahmed R, Taegtmeyer M. Antenatal testing for anaemia, HIV and syphilis in Indonesia – a health systems analysis of low coverage. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2020 May 29;20(1):326. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-02993-x
Kintu K, Malaba TR, Nakibuka J, Papamichael C, Colbers A, Byrne K, Seden K, Hodel EM, Chen T, Twimukye A, Byamugisha J, Reynolds H, Watson V, Burger D, Wang D, Waitt C, Taegtmeyer M, Orrell C, Lamorde M, Myer L, Khoo SH, for the DolPHIN-2 Study Group. Dolutegravir versus efavirenz in women starting HIV therapy in late pregnancy (DolPHIN-2): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV, May 2020 Vol 7, Issue 5, e332-339, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018%2820%293...
Shayo EH, Egere U, Mpagama S, Ntinginya NE, Ishengoma L, El Sony A, Taegtmeyer M, Tolhurst R et al. Key stakeholders’ perspectives on prioritization of services for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Tanzania and Sudan: Implications in the COVID-19 era. J Pan Afr Thorac Soc, 2022. doi :10.25259/JPATS_27_2021
Mulupi S*, Ayakaka I* (joint first authors), Tolhurst R, Kozak N, Shayo E, Abdalla E, Osman R, Egere U, Mpagama S, Chinouya MJ, Chikaphupha K, El Sony A, Meme H, Oronje R, Ntinginya NE, Obasi A, Taegtmeyer M. What are the barriers to the diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory disease in sub-Saharan Africa? A qualitative study with healthcare workers, national and regional policy stakeholders in five countries BMJ Open, 2022 in press.
Covid-19
Rao V, Saligram P, Rashid SF, Tolhurst R, Steege R, Murthy S, Nakkeeran B, MacGregor M, Patel S, Theobald S, Dean L, Garimella S. Community Engagement, Co-Production or Citizen Action? Lessons from COVID-19 Responses in India and Bangladesh’s Informal Urban Settlements. Journal of International Affairs, 2022, https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/community-engagement-co-production-or-citi...
Mansaray B, Dean L, Tubb P, Josyula KL, Okoth L, Chumo I, Waritu J, Klingel A, Manzoor F, Aktar B, Garimella S, Murthy S, Tolhurst R, Whittaker L, Gray L, Forsyth R, Elsey H, Waldman L, Theobald S. The implications of COVID-19 for safeguarding in international development research: Learning, action, and reflection from the ARISE hub; BMJ Global Health, 2022. 2;7:e008122. doi:10.1136/ bmjgh-2021-008122
Rashid, S. Theobald, S, Ozano, K. Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. BMJ Global Health, 2020; https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/6/e002715
Rashid SF, Aktar B, Farnaz N, Theobald S, Ali S, Alam W, Ozano K. Fault-lines in the public health approach to COVID-19: recognizing inequities and ground realities of poor residents lives in the slums of Dhaka City, Bangladesh Social Sciences & Humanities Open, June 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3608577
Alhassan Y, McCollum R, Watson V, Piotrowski H, Dean L, Bates I, Frith I, Anderson de Cuevas R, Harris R, Chowdhury S, Ozano K, Hastie O, El Hajj T, Dacombe R, Ding Y, Zaizay Z, Theobald S & Taegtmeyer M. Principles for promoting resilient health systems in the context of Covid-19 response: learning from Merseyside, UK, REDRESS, 2021. https://www.redressliberia.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Merseyside-Policy-Brief.pdf
Kimani J, Steege R, Makau J, Nyambuga K, Wairutu J, Tolhurst R. Building forward better: the need for inclusive support to livelihoods in Nairobi’s informal settlements during periods of shock. Building a Better World – the crisis and opportunity of Covid-19I: IDS Bulletin. 2021, Vol. 52 No. 1 March 2021, pp 37-44. https://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/index.php/idsbo/article/view/3115/3118
McCollum R, Zaizay Z, Parker C, Zawolo G, Berrian H, Kollie J, Smith J, Tate W, Theobald S, Kollie K and Dean L. Principles for promoting resilient health systems in the context of Covid-19 response: learning from Liberia, REDRESS, 2021. https://www.redressliberia.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Principle-Comparison-Policy-Brief-Proof-2.2.pdf
Wingfield T and Taegtmeyer M https://theconversation.com/profiles/miriam-taegtmeyer-1017742/articles
Capacity strengthening
Begg S, Wright A, Small G, Mosha F, Kirby M, Snetselaar J, Aziz S, Bharmal J, Dacombe R and Bates I. 'Developing laboratory capacity for Good Laboratory Practice certification: lessons from a Tanzanian insecticide testing facility'. 2020. Gates Open Research, Vol 4, Issue 59. https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/14755/
Dean L, Gregorius S, Bates I, Pulford J. Advancing the science of health research capacity strengthening in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review of the published literature, 2000-2016. BMJ Open, 2017; 7e018718. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/7/12/e018718.full.pdf
Murunga V, Oronje RN, Bates I, Tagoe N and Pulford J. 'Review of published evidence on knowledge translation capacity, practice and support among researchers and research institutions in low- and middle- income countries'. 2020. Health Research Policy and Systems, Vol 18, e16. https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/13694/
Pulford J and Bates I. 'Health research policy and systems: Moving towards evidence-informed health research capacity strengthening practice'. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 2021, Vol 26, Issue 2, pp. 75-76. https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/17386/
Pulford J, Crossman S, Abomo P, Amegee J, Begg S, Ding Y, El Hajj T and Bates I. 'Guidance and conceptual tools to inform the design, selection, and evaluation of research capacity strengthening interventions'. 2021. BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Issue 3. https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/17176/
Pulford, J, Crossman, S, Begg, S, Amegee Q, Jessica, Abomo, Pierre, El Hajj T and Bates I, 2020 'Strengthening research management and support services in sub-Saharan African universities and research institutions'. AAS Open Research, Vol 3, Issue 31. https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/15088/
Tagoe N, Kinyanjui S, Pulford J, Murunga V, Molyneux S. Managing health research capacity strengthening consortia: a systemised review of the published literature. BMJ Global Health, 2019;4:e001318. https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/4/2/e001318.full.pdf
Wallis S, Cole DC, Gaye O, Mmbaga BT, Mwapasa V, Tagbor H, Bates I. A qualitative study to develop processes and tools for the assessment and tracking of African institutions’ capacity for operational health research. BMJ Open, 2017; 7:9 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmjopen-2017-016660?ijkey=ErizU8U0AkkglSV&keytype=ref
Research methods
Egid BR, Roura M, Aktar B, Amegee J, Chumo I, Dias S, Hegel G, Jones L, Karuga R, Lar L, Lopez Y, Pandya A, Norton T, Sheikhattari P, Tancred T, Wallerstein N, Zimmerman E, Ozano K. ‘You want to deal with power while riding on power’: global perspectives on power in participatory health research and co-production approaches. BMJ Global Health, 2021. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006978
Ozano K, Dean L, Adekeye O, Bettee A K, Dixon R, Ntuen UG, Gwani N, Isiyaku S, Kollie K, Lar L, Oluwele A, Piotrowski H, Thomson R, Yashiyi J, Zawolo G, Theobald S. 'Guiding principles for quality, equity and sustainability in implementation research: Multicounty learnings from participatory action research to strengthen health systems'. Health Policy and Planning, 2020, Vol 35, Issue supp 2, ii137-ii149. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/35/Supplement_2/ii137/5959260?lo...
Jeffery C, Pagano M, Hemingway J, Valadez JJ. Hybrid prevalence estimation: Method to improve intervention coverage estimations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(51):13063-8, https://www.pnas.org/content/115/51/13063
Ozano, K, Dean L, Adekeye O, Bettee AK, Dixon R, Gideon NU, Gwani N, Isiyaku S, Kollie K, Lar L, Oluwole A, Piotrowski H, Siakeh A, Thomson R, Yashiyi J, Zawolo G and Theobald S. Guiding principles for quality, ethical standards and ongoing learning in implementation research: multicountry learnings from participatory action research to strengthen health systems. Health Policy and Planning 35(Supplement_2), 2020, ii137-ii149. https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/35/Supplement_2/ii137/5959260?login=true
Theobald S, Brandes N, Gyapong M, El-Saharty S, Proctor E, Diaz T, Wanji S, Elloker S, Raven J et al. Implementation Research: New Imperatives and Opportunities in Global Health. The Lancet, 2018, vol 392, issue 10160, 2214-28 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32205-0
Valadez JJ, Devkota B, Jeffery C, Hadden WC. How well do mothers recall their own and their infants' perinatal events? A two-district study using cross-sectional stratified random sampling in Bihar, India. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):e031289. doi http://10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031289